Photographic film



Oct. 13, 1942. C uc ETAL 2,298,997

PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM Filed July 20, 1940 5G/ah'w Bondinylm 1 ayer (el lulbse E5181? Jaguar Began/a5 15; L: llulose Z'F'wm 6. 2w

I BY 2655M?" flez'rATTORNEY.

' sometimes known as Patented Oct. 13, 15542 2,298,997 rno'rocmrmc FILM Edwin (LYauck, Brighton, and John'Dessauer, Irondequcit, N. Y., assigmirs to The Haloid Company, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New York Applicationrluly 20, 1940, Serial No. 346,482

4 Claims.

This invention relates to photographic film, and has for its object to afford a low cost photographic or cinematographic film employing a base or support made from cellulose and sensitized with a gelatin-water emulsion.

Among other purposes, it is an object of the invention to utilize cellulose generated from cellulose sodium xanthate, or viscose, as a base or support,-as well as transparent sheets obtained from plastic rubber, or rubber hydrochloride "Pliofllm," or copper oxide ammonium solutions of cellulose, and to so treat the material that gelatin-water light-sensitive emulsions can be coated thereon and securely anchored either to a waterproof or non-waterproof sheet, and in such fashion that the film can be subjected to the customary water solutions-incidental to alkaline developers and acid fixing baths, without expanding or shrinking the fllmduring or subsequently to the necessary processing of developing and fixing or during the appli-- from cellulose sodium xanthate, sometimes known under the trade-mark Cellophane, and to treat the material in such a way as to cause it to be unaffected by contact with water and also to maintain a tight and efl'ective bond between the supporting sheet and a gelatin-water light-sensitive layer applied thereto.

In general, the invention consists in applying tov the cellulose base or support a coating preferably in /the form of a cellulose ester lacquer which constitutes a bond between the cellulose base or support and a protein layer consisting of a gelatin solution which in turn serves as a bond or anchor for the gelatin-water light-sensitive layer, theprotein gelatin bonding layer having such chemical reaction as' to adhere firmly on one side to the cellulose ester lacquer coating and on the other side to the gelatin-water lightsensitive layer.

To these and other ends, the invention consists in the construction and arrangement of layers and materials that will appear clearly from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, the novel features being pointed out in the claims following the description. 7

Thedrawing is illustrative of a practical and preferred embodiment of the invention.

terproof or non-waterproof cellulose sodium Referring more particularly to the drawing" i designates the support or base that may be of any suitable transparent material of low inflammability made from cellulose, such as cellulose xanthate, or other base or support.

Various lacquers may be employed for this purpose, it being understood that the lacquer functions primarily as a bond between the cellu- 0 lose support or base and a gelatin layer, to be described presently, which in turn secures the gelatin-water light-sensitive layer to the lacquer coating.

The following. are examples of lacquer solutions that can be successfully used for the purpose mentioned:

Lacquer solutiow-Emample No. 1

' Parts Nitro-cellulosenn' 100 Camphon 10 B utyl or amyl alcohol a- '1 Urea 1 Ethyl alcohol 1'79 5 Acetone 1200 The two last mentioned ingredients may be varied in proportions, depending upon the viscosity desired.

0 Lacquer solution-Example No. 2

I Parts Blimp-cellulose... Alcohol '70 Ether 180 5 Camphor 4 Butyl alcohol 1 Lacquer solution-Example N0. 3

Parts 0 Nitro-cellulose 120 Alcohol 400 Ether 400 Cellosolve Camphor 16 5 Butyl alcohol l5 Lacquer solution-Example No. 4 Parts Cellulose aceta 100 Triphenyiphosphate or tricresylphosphate 12 Acetamide 2 Benzyl alcohol 8 Acetone 700 The proportionate volume of acetone in the last 5 solution may be varied to obtain different viscoslties as desired. a

The lacquer coating is applied thinly to the cellulose support or base by dipp or otherwise,

either on one or both sides of the support, and

sodium xanthate, or viscose, plastic rubber, or after the lacquer coating has been dried, the

lacquer layer on one or both sides of the support is covered with a thin protein solution 3 which serves to anchor the gelatin-water light-sensitive emulsion when the latter is applied.

A suitable protein solution for the purpose consists for exampleof 1 partgelatin dissolved in 9 parts glacial acetic acid, such mixturebeing dissolved in 90 to 200 parts alcohol, methanol or amyl acetate, or a suitable mixture thereof.

After the protein or gelatin bonding layer is applied to the lacquer coating by dipping or otherwise, and permitted to dry, the light-sensitive gelatin-water emulsion l is applied to the gelatin bonding layer by any suitable procedure as customary in the manufacture or such film.

While th invention has been described with reference to certain specific materials, it is not necessarily confined to the solutions and procedure herein disclosed, and this application is intended to. cover such departures-or modifications as may come within the purposes or the in vention or the scope or the following claims.

. We claim:

1. A photographic film comprising a regenerated cellulose support of low inflammability, a cellulose ester bonding layer on said support, a bonding layer adjacent to said cellulose ester layer, and a gelatin light-sensitive layer on the bonding layer, the bonding layer including one part gelatin and nine parts glacial acetic acid and effecting a permanent chemical bond with the cellulose ester layer and with the gelatin lightsensitive layer and acting to anchor said two layers together firmly. r

2. A photographic film comprising a regenerated cellulose support 01' low inflammability, a cellulose ester bonding layer on both sides of amass? ing layer, the bonding layer consisting of a mixture of one part gelatin, nine parts glacial acetic acid, and ninety to two hundred parts or one of the group consisting or alcohol, methanol, and amyl acetate, and effecting a permanent chemical bond with the cellulose ester coating and with the gelatin light-sensitive layer and acting to anchor said two layers together firmly, A

4. A photographic film comprising a regenerated cellulose support of low inilammability, a cellulose ester layer on said support, a bonding layer adjacent to said cellulose ester layer, said bonding layer being produced by dissolving one p rt gelatin in nine parts glacial acetic acid and dissolving the mixture in ninety to two hundred parts of one oi the group consisting of alcohol, methanol, and amyl acetate, and a gelatin light-sensitive layer on the gelatin bonding layer, the acetic acid in the gelatin bonding layer acting to unite said layer chemically to the cellulose ester layer and to form a tight permanent bond therebetween.

EDWIN C. YAUCK. JOHN DESSAUER.

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